recommendation requests with little time. COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

recommendation requests with little time. COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog Recently a former colleague (and friend) asked if I could write her a letter of recommendation for graduate school.   Of course, I was happy to do it.   But then she told me that she needed the letter in 5 days.   My excitement turned to anxiety and slight annoyance.   I wanted to write her a glowing recommendation letter since she deserved one after all she was an excellent colleague (and during our time together she was always professional and on top of everything and with the greatest detail).   But I couldnt help wonder why did she wait to the last minute (and yes, for a person writing you a recommendation letter, a week even two weeks is considered last minute).   You should always assume that the person writing you a reference letter has other more pressing and time sensitive items to complete.   I would love to drop everything I was doing but unfortunately, my job(s) do not allow me that luxury.   I say this all the time but people dont listen, so I am going to say it again (and probably again in a future post) Give your Recommenders ample time to write you a glowing letter of recommendation [or you may not get the seal the deal one that she/he would have written for you]. Also, yes, even Admissions experts like us, wouldnt mind receiving a bit of help (especially if you are only giving me a few days to write it).     A few bullet points and/or suggestions on what you would like us to cover in the letter goes a long way.   We have an idea of what a recommendation letter should contain but getting a sense of what you have done (i.e. your achievements and successes) since our last interaction, point out your strengths, and definitely share with us your goals and what you hope to achieve by going to graduate school is ALWAYS helpful.   I can think of a number of experiences that I think make my friend a strong candidate but they may not be the same as the ones she had in mind so you may want to share with (remind) your Recommender some specific examples from the time you worked together that will highlight your attributes and strengths.   Keep in mind, a strong recommendation should be able to provide the Admissions Committee another layer and insight to your personal and professional values that hopefully will tie together the rest of your application. One other thing, which thankfully my friend warned me ahead of time (so the email did not end up in my Junk folder), you should inform your Recommender when and how the request will come for the letter.   You should also provide them with some insight as to whether it will be prompted questions or she/he will be expected to write an unsolicited letter .   This will allow them to plan how much effort and time is needed to write the letter (unfortunately for me, I have no time). These are just a few tips to provide your Recommender Its still early in the season but it never hurts to keep these in the back of your mind as you think about who you would like to write your letter of recommendations.   Before you know it, deadlines will be here.   With that I am off to write my glowing letter of recommendation (with a little grumble).

The Top Schools for Landscape Architecture and Design

The Strange Case Of Dr. Jekyll And Mr. Hyde - 1474 Words

It is taken for granted that monsters are scary. Everyone knows that vampires are blood thirsty creatures, and that zombies will stop at nearly nothing. But how do these fictional creatures invoke fear in people? Did monsters just become synonymous to terrifying, or is there a hidden interpretation to their existence? In the Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, Hyde is without a doubt a monster. His appearance is strange, his behavior erratic, and his morals nonexistent. The respectable Dr. Jekyll morphs into Mr. Hyde by consuming an odd potion. In the form of Mr. Hyde, Dr. Jekyll fulfills the dark needs that he has. Yet, that is not really the reason that he appears to be scary to other people. Throughout the book many people describe Hyde as being deformed and creepy in a way that cannot be put into words. Although Mr. Hyde is the evil that resides within Dr. Jekyll, he is also a monster that represents the fears of the Fin-de-Sià ©cle. Through his devolutionary appearance and criminal behavior, he represents the fears that people of that time held. Therefore, he provides insight into the fears of the society, which in turn creates a direct window into the time period. Mr. Hyde was not the first or last monster to be created. Every era has a new set of monsters, which are molded by the fears that the people of that time period held. As Gilmore says, â€Å"The mind needs monster. Monsters embody all that is dangerous and horrible in the human imagination. Since earliestShow MoreRelatedThe Strange Case Of Dr. Jekyll And Mr. Hyde1675 Words   |  7 PagesThe Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde Essay Robert Louis Stevenson’s novella, â€Å"The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde,† is a type of Gothic literature. In the beginning of the story when Stevenson is describing the lawyer, one â€Å"Mr. Utterson,† the mood is a bit dull. At first glance the reader may think that this story would be a bit boring and drab. Stevenson’s story is far from being another dull piece of British English literature. The setting and mood of this novella are more complexRead MoreThe Strange Case Of Dr. Jekyll And Mr. Hyde Essay975 Words   |  4 PagesStevenson’s The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde is a novella that follows the basic outline established by Mary Shelley in Frankenstein. However, Stevenson’s monster is not created from body parts but comes from the dark side of the human personality. In both novels, a man conducts a secret experiment that gets out of control. The result of these experiments is the release of a double, or doppelgan ger, which causes damage to their creator. While most people think that The Strange Case of Dr. JekyllRead MoreThe Strange Case Of Dr. Jekyll And Mr. Hyde1440 Words   |  6 Pagescomplexity of human nature in his books, especially in The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, and Kidnapped. The former is about a lawyer named Mr. Utterson seeking out the truth of Dr. Jekyll’s very strange will. He finds out that Jekyll was transforming himself into Mr. Hyde so that he could have the freedom to do whatever he wanted no matter how evil. By the time Utterson finds all this out and findsJekyll, he is too late and Jekyll has already killed himself. The latter is about David BalfourRead MoreThe Strange Case Of Dr. Jekyll And Mr. Hyde1196 Words   |  5 Pageswhich do let control you? The good or evil? This was a question that Dr. Jekyll from the book, The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, could not answer. The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde is a book about a man who cannot control the two sides of himself, causing him to do terrible things and not even be aware of it. The theme of this book is good versus evil. Dr. Jekyll is fighting his evil side, known as Mr. Hyde, throughout the book. Some people believe that the book’s theme hasRead MoreThe Strange Case Of Dr. Jekyll And Mr. Hyde938 Words   |  4 PagesVictorian Hopes and Fears Involving Science as Found in Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde During the Victorian Era there was a great race to use science to alleviate the suffering of the ill, specifically for those patients who were suffering from ailments of the mind. While some of the methods used to diagnose and treat such afflictions would be considered barbaric in nature by today’s standards, they were considered cutting edge medical science during the time of the Victorian Era. It was also consideredRead MoreThe Strange Case Of Dr. Jekyll And Mr. Hyde964 Words   |  4 PagesThe Strange case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, written by Robert Louis Stevenson was published in 1886. The story is published during the Victorian era, the Victorian era was an age of repression, there was no violence, no sexual appetite, and there was no great expression or emotion. In the story, Dr. Jekyll creates a potion that turns him into Mr. Hyde, Mr. Hyde is the complete opposite of what people are in the Victorian era. At first, Dr. Jekyll is in control of Mr. Hyde, but towards t he end MrRead MoreThe Strange Case Of Dr. Jekyll And Mr. Hyde1505 Words   |  7 PagesDuring the latter portion of the nineteenth century, Robert Louis Stevenson published his novella, The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde. The fin de sià ¨cle saw the rise of different thoughts and ideas surrounding science and society. These concepts and interpretations sparked the discourse surrounding the theory of degeneration; which was the concern that civilization would fall to a lower state of being. This chapter will be reading multiplex personality as a manifestation of this broader culturalRead MoreThe Strange Case Of Dr. Jekyll And Mr. Hyde1739 Words   |  7 Pagesnovel â€Å"The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr Hyde† by Robert Louis Stevenson, the novel â€Å"Frankenstein† by Mary Shelley, the short story â€Å"The Monkey’s Paw† by W.W Jacobs and the short story â€Å"Yellow Wallpaper† by Charlotte Perkins Gilman. These four texts convey this theme through the use of gothic conventions such as death, madness and darkness. In the novels The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr Hyde by Robert Louis Stevenson and Frankenstein by Mary Shelley, Frankenstein and Dr. Jekyll are wronglyRead MoreThe Strange Case Of Dr. Jekyll And Mr. Hyde1351 Words   |  6 PagesThe Personas of Henry Jekyll Every person is born with bright and dark personas that people moderate due to the standards of society. In The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, Jekyll and Hyde battle for the power to stay alive in the story. As Jekyll continues to try and take over his evil persona, Hyde tries to stay alive and cause evil in the world. In our society, many people will struggle with self control and Dr. Jekyll has trouble controlling his alter ego by performing his evil pleasuresRead MoreThe Strange Case Of Dr. Jekyll And Mr. Hyde1326 Words   |  6 Pages The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde was published during the late Victorian era, but he clearly brings into question the acceptance of Victorian philosophies, especially the belief that one truth exists and that we can identify good and evil as separate entities. The names Jekyll and Hyde have become synonymous with multiple personality disorder. This novel can be examined from the natural dualism and Freud’s structural th eory of the mind. In The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr

Writing and David Foster Wallace Free Essays

Writing assignment: Write a well-organized, 2-3 paragraph response to Wallach’s speech. Your response should be typed, double-spaced, and in a reasonable-sized font. This required writing will not be marked with a letter-grade. We will write a custom essay sample on Writing and David Foster Wallace or any similar topic only for you Order Now However, you will receive written comments in response to your paper, and this paper will prepare you for your first formal essay assignment. Questions to consider as you write your response: 1 . What are some of your favorite ideas from the speech, and why are these Ideas compelling to you? For Wallace, what Is Important about a college education? 3. What do you think about Wallach’s Ideas regarding education? 4. For you, what Is Important about a college education? You do not need to answer each of these questions In order. Rather, synthesize your ideas into a well-organized response that captures your views about Wallach’s speech, and your views about education. For next class, please come prepared to discuss a few quotes from the Wallace essay that you found particularly compelling. More importantly, please be prepared to discuss why these quotes were compelling to you. As this is your first writing assignment, and as this is the first day of class, you’re probably wondering what I want to see in your writing. While each of your writing assignments will require different approaches, generally speaking I want to see the following: Passion/Excellent/Engagement with topic: Do you really try to make 1) discoveries? Do you really explore your Ideas and experiences, and the Ideas presented by the writers to whom you are responding? In other words, do you take your position as writer and thinker seriously? Do you make this essay your own? Do you care about what you are saying? Do you want your readers to care about what you are saying? 2) Organization: Does you have an introduction that sets up a blueprint for what the rest of the essay will look like? Does your essay have a conclusion? Do you organize your topics and ideas into neat paragraphs and units? 3) Style: Is your essay written in an appropriate, academic tone? Do you project authority? Logic and Support: Do your ideas make sense, and are they presented in a logical order? Are your claims supported by relevant details? 5) Clear writing, grammar, and mechanics: Is your essay free from serious sentence- level errors. 6) Creativity: Does your essay surprise? Do you use colorful language, Images, and examples? Do you go In unexpected and Interesting directions? Do you reveal yourself In this essay and do you truly try to write about ideas that are important to you? Class with some questions about the syllabus. How to cite Writing and David Foster Wallace, Papers

Looking At The Scope Of Multicultural Counseling Social Work Essay Example

Looking At The Scope Of Multicultural Counseling Social Work Essay Josie is an 11-year-old bi-racial kid who lives with her individual female parent. Josie has a history of acquisition and behavioural jobs in school. She attends a big suburban school and is fighting in 4th class. Josie can be a behavioural job in the place and community and has been referred to your bureau for protagonism services. She has been asked non to return to her association football squad because of her behaviour and is no longer permitted at day care. Her female parent s chief long-run end is to hold Josie remain in the least restrictive environment in the place, school, and community. ThisA problematicA situationA is associatedA with the range ofA multiculturalA guidance. Multicultural guidance is particularly of import in today s society, as diverse racial and cultural environment raises many jobs, which require cultural competency of societal workers in covering with jobs which arise in multicultural society, in the field of race, ethnicity, cultural backgrounds, civilizations, faiths and other diverseness factors. ( Erford, 2008 ) In the instance of a kid Josie who hasA behavioural problemsA andA jobs atA school, whichA may beA related to her raceA andA societal status.A JosieA goes toA big suburban school, A whereA asA we knowA there are many childrenA and adolescents fromA different households, A andA its environmentA isA usuallyA characterized byA great figure of struggles, since such school non merely createsA favourable conditions for multicultural instruction, but besides gives rise to serious struggles between members of different racial and cultural groups. ( Lynch, 1996 ) We will write a custom essay sample on Looking At The Scope Of Multicultural Counseling Social Work specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Looking At The Scope Of Multicultural Counseling Social Work specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Looking At The Scope Of Multicultural Counseling Social Work specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer It is possible that two-race Josie has struggles with kids at school, her equals do non take her in their community, or badger a girl.A It is known that Josie is populating in single-parent household, which besides adversely affects her position.A Josie can see herself an castaway, non like everybody, may hold low self-esteem.A These internal jobs and struggles in the school with kids lead to her aggressive behaviour, noncompliance. In suchA state of affairss it is veryA of import toA find out the state of affairs at school and Josie s dealingss with other kids, to cognize relation of people who are close to her, or with whom the kid interacts. The primary measure inA solvingA the problemA will be to turn to a adviser, A a specialistA whoA will helpA to understand theA situationA of JosieA andA will determineA possible solutions toA the job with kid s behaviour. The chief undertakings of the primary support of the specializer will include the undermentioned: A To assist the kid understand his jobs, and assist him to concentrate on their resolution ; A Psychologically to quiet down the kid, leting him to yield, non to support against his bad feelings and emotions, to cut down the degree of unfavorable judgment against himself, aid to get the better of mental strain, shame about the state of affairs ; A If necessary, to show certain forms of behaviour to a kid as an illustration of human opposition to emphasize, self-denial, vision, logical analysis of state of affairss in life ; A Supply the kid with necessary information, which can increase his motive to work out the job ; A Provide advices and support kid s ain attempts to asseverate control over the state of affairs, to cut down his uncertainties and fright of the unknown ; To animate hope and advance the revival of the kid to self-awareness and willingness to cover with the state of affairs ; A To protect the rights and involvements of the kid, interceding in the negotiations with parents, professionals, organisations, aid in obtaining entree to necessary societal resources, etc.A Therefore, an pedagogue, or adviser, shows the kid how to decide the job, helps to cut down his anxiousness and increase self-confidence.A The chief aim of guidance is to ease the personal growing of a kid in a job state of affairs, that is, of his sense of position, the development of his ability to analyse and see life state of affairss from different angles, to be able to develop different schemes of behaviour and consciously follow them.A ( Erford, 2008 ) In order to supply qualified psychological support and aid it is necessary to cognize the psychological features of age periods and the major differences between the reactions of kids and adults.A These differentiations are non ever seeable, but are indispensable and can demo how the job is important for the kid, and how he reacts to stressful situations.A Advocacy of kids has several alone characteristics: foremost of all, the kid is dependent on his parents, to whom he besides normally really emotionally attached. Complex relationship of the kid and parents act upon his relationship with grownups and can present a serious job in supplying assistance.A When reding kids it is necessary to see the undermentioned distinctive features: A The kid is non ever able to set up societal dealingss within the equal group, to happen and maintain friends.A Child are dependent on the attention and protection of parents, who have the chief influence on them ( both positive and negative ) .A Child are non ever able to show complex feelings and discourse the general, abstract inquiries, or speak about certain topics ( tabu or traumatic subjects ) , so the advisor may suggest to depict the state of affairs in alternate manner, and should carefully choose words ; A In contact with others kids need to experience a positive attitude towards them.A Defensive reaction may be denial of ain failing, faulting others or circumstances.A it is necessary to keep contact with the kid s societal world and to demo that there are no simple solutions to complex problems.A ( Erford, 2008 ) The effectivity of psychological aid mostly depends on personal features such as teacher-adviser, as the ability to perforate into the emotional universe of another, empathy ( empathy ) , to supply emotional attention and support, a high grade of personal and societal duty, together with the desire to take duty, high societal intelligence, openness, communicating, emphasis. When reding kids the specializer must take into history the fact that kids can barely maintain focal point and control behaviour for a long clip, particularly when they have some emotional disorders.A That is why the adviser must be patient.A Making conversation with Josie, it is possible to use the traditional attack, so that start a conversation with the general open-ended inquiries, followed by contracting the focal point, or get down with specific issues, while go forthing the topographic point of choice.A The kid is easier to react to short specific inquiries about the events.A Thus, during conversation it is necessary to clear up the ground of Josie behaviour. Of class, the kid can non place and call a particular job, so it is necessary to allow him depict his feelings ( what he is concerned about? A what causes in him choler or fear? ) to clear up the emotional behaviour of the kid. Psychological support for Josie who is in a hard state of affairs, should come in analogue at school and at home.A The nature and way of such support must frequently be determined by adviser. Josie s parents should: A Explain to the kid the job in apprehensible signifier and friendly mode ; A To assist show Josie her feelings, listening to a kid without doing any judgements or critics ; A Make it clear to Josie that her feelings, cryings about something unpleasant is normal, anyhow she must seek to command emotions ; A If Josie is afraid, mother must demo that she loves her and ever ready to assist, to support her in any state of affairs. It is collaborative effortsA andA helpA ofA protagonism specializer, mothersA andA teachersA at schoolA would helpA to clear up the job of Josie, A and besides assist the miss to solveA it and better her behaviorA and acquisition.

How did the fashions of the 1900s to the 1930s reflect Modernist theories Essays

How did the fashions of the 1900s to the 1930s reflect Modernist theories Essays How did the fashions of the 1900s to the 1930s reflect Modernist theories Paper How did the fashions of the 1900s to the 1930s reflect Modernist theories Paper A definition of Modernism is The deliberate departure from tradition and the use of innovative forms of expression that distinguish many styles in the arts and literature of the 20th century. (The American Heritage-Dictionary of the English Language(2000)in Beard 2002: online) To explain this in more detail, there were many stylistic features that described the Modern Movement in art and design, these include truth to material, this means an honesty, in the sense that decoration must not mask the way a product is made, its constructional basis or spatial arrangement; acceptance of technology, meaning the use of new materials is encouraged together with the mindset that products could be mass-produced and consumed; functionalism, meaning that form should be adapted to use material and structure as in form follows function; the rejection of historical styles and internationalism meaning there are no divisions between disciplines and class of consumer. The concep t of Modernism was a response to the growth of industrialisation from the 18th into the 20th century known as the machine age and it affected all aspects of design. I am going to look at fashion design between 1900 and the 1930s and analyse its reflection of these Modernist theories. Typical fashions in 1900 featured the corset. Women were of S-shaped stance; the corset pushed the bust forward and the hips back, and this was combined with a bell-shaped skirt. 1910 brought a fundamental change in female dress, which seemed to be influenced by the Russian Ballet but there were other major aspects of contemporary culture that can answer to this. French designer, Paul Poiret was the most dominant force in fashion in the first decade of the twentieth century. He designed loose elegant dresses with high waistlines and no corset beneath in 1907. Womens clothes were softer in line, with an emphasis on slimness and followed a womans body rather than forcing the body to conform to clothing as previous dress had done. This is recognised as the start of the tubular silhouette, which remained fashionable to the end of the 1920s. This style of dress links with Modernist ideas as its emphasis is on the natural motion of the body, which is the essence of truth to material and form follows function. This style of dress goes further to link with aspects of Modernism as Richard Martin claims. This revolution in fashion that saw 3D forms of corseted and buttressed structures dissolve into flat planes, cylinders and shapes suggested abstraction rather than representation, which links with the modern art of Cubism at the time. (Montebello in Martin 1999:7) The dress shows a complex and random pattern of shapes and lines that resembles cubist art and may have been influenced by architecture. The form of the dress is also made up of shapes and flat planes that are structurally pleated or drape the body in stark contrast. Cubist art suggests motion, which is associated closely to Modernism as Modernism saw the popularisation of the automobile and also reflected the quickly changing times. During the First World War (1914-1919), great changes came to couture. Poiret and other fashion designers were called into the military and their couture houses closed. As male designers defended France a young female designer came of age. In 1915, Gabrielle Chanel took control of modern fashions, producing hats, and designing loose-fitting chemise dresses with belts at the hip. By 1916 she was making casual pleated skirts from the practical Rodier wool jersey that before the war had been restricted to mens underwear, and topping them with sailors sweaters in the mode of sportswear. At this time of wartime shortages, Chanels practical but expensive jerseys seemed an instant modern classic, appealing to wealthy clients because they made the rich look young and casual. (Tirocchi date not known:online) The war brought about other changes in fashion. Womens hemlines, which had risen from floor length to ankle length prior to the war, rose to mid calf length by 1916. Hobble skirts were instantly replaced in favour of wider more practical skirts, and womens trousers and short hair were promoted as practical fashions for war work. Although these changes were a result of the war they tie in with the Modernist concept that again form follows function. After the war Oriental fashions continued to be popular, and they were eventually stylised into a form, which came to be known as Art Deco. (Wollen 1999:11) These Oriental fashions linked with some of the modern design of the time and was seen as a part of the interest in novelty in the 19th century. Novelty in this sense meant looking at things in a different way and demonstrated designs interest in the Far East. Post-war clothing reflected womens changing roles in modern society, particularly with the idea of freedom for women. Women gained the right to vote in 1920 and were entering the workforce in record numbers. Forward-looking younger women now made sportswear into the greatest change in post-war fashion. The tubular dresses had now evolved into a similar silhouette that now sported shorter skirts with pleats, gathers or splits to allow motion to rule womens fashion. This shift towards functionalism again demonstrates Modernist theory as clothing and fashions became practical for a range of active bodily movements. Women wore flatteners to have a more boyish bust and the waist disappeared. Chanels designs took dominance and a new type of women came into existence- androgyny. This look was known as the Flapper in America and embodied the modern spirit of the Jazz Age. Chanel androgyny image and analysis. Chanels biographer, Edmonde Charles-Roux, states that Chanel was responsible for adopting sportswear to daily life and capitalizing on the feminising of masculine fashion. Chanel created the poor look, the sweaters, jersey dresses and little suits. The aim was to make people of all social status look the same, like the girl in the street This was the style of the heroines of the 1920s yet it was also a classless style and so Chanels designs were soon adapted for the mass market. This was the dashing streamlined look of the twenties, which captured the spirit of modernity. Chanel is also known for the little black dress where fuss and detail are removed, an item that now presented in varying forms and styles, is still considered a fashion essential. This is another reflection of Modernism as the design is simple; its basic form and is not cluttered with unnecessary decoration. This trend showed a more masculine tailored look in comparison to the pre-war fashions, which in itself relates to the masculinity associated with many aspects of Modernism. This trend may have been the resultant of women trying to find their place in the masculine Modern world. Several Paris firms such as Doucet, Doivillet and Drecoll closed their doors and even Poiret who had done so much to revolutionise fashion in 1910 now found himself out of step with the times. (Tirocchi date unknown:online) Chanel was a friend of Cocteau, Picasso and Stravinsky and she too felt the influence of Modern Art. Between 1925 and 1935 the strong influence of functionalism displaced ornamentation to take the form of accessories- costume jewellery; Chanel also held this forte. Clothes had become rationalised, as the modernist aesthetic had demanded. (Wollen 1999:12) Schiaparelli was another majoring force within fashion design at this time. She rejected 1920s modernism of Chanel turning instead to Surrealism. She paid homage to Poiret and like him surrounded herself with artists like Man Ray, Salvador Dali and Meret Oppenheim. Schiaparelli also experimented with new materials like cellophane, glass, plastic, and parachute silk. Schiaparelli had an architectural approach to dress, she directed her fantasy in design towards hats, gloves and shoes which can be experimented with without affecting the basic form of the body. (Wollen 1999:14) The body must never be forgotten and it must be used as a frame is used in a building. The vagaries of lines and details or any asymmetric effect must have a close connection with this frame. (Schiaparelli (1954) in Wollen 1999:14) The development of man-made fabrics during 1930s and improving technology of mass production meant that simple, well-cut clothes were brought to a wider range of people (Allan 1973:23) 1930s dresses were slim and straight, sometimes wider at the shoulders than at the hips and were sleek, flowing and streamlined as were many other products of design in the Modernist period. The streamlining was also a link to motion and speed as women started driving. This was of major influence to fashion trends as the image below shows, fashion images showed women with cars, outside and moving and so to be fashionable and modern were to be moving. The 1930s also saw women in trousers which links to masculinity and form follows function. The post war boom was short lived and the 1920s and 30s suffered from a slump named the Depression. The Depression helped bring the clothes of the different classes together at least in general line and now a new process had begun which brought the creations of the great Paris houses within the reach of nearly every woman. Before 1930 buyers (especially American buyers) purchased several dozen copies of each selected model shown in Paris and resold them to a wealthy clientele. But after the slump American authorities imposed a duty of up to 90% on the cost of the original model. Toiles were allowed duty-free. Each toile was supplied with full directions for making it up and so a simplified version could be sold very cheaply. There was also the growing use of synthetic fabrics. Even the factory girl could now afford to purchase artificial silk stockings. Costume and Fashion fill in***) These points reflect the Modernist feature of Internationalism. Divisions between the classes of the consumer had minimised. Conclusion I think the fashions of the 1900s into the 1930s reflect many aspects of Modernist theory. Mass manufacturing, increased consumerism and the speed of change are all characteristics of the Modern period and these factors altered the fashion industry and trends. The rejection of historical styles has been evident, as Ive studied the typical looks for each decade and the sweeping trends. Fashion trends, silhouettes and fabrics rapidly became old and fashionable women had to have the latest look in fashion. Modernism is characterised by the love of the new.

8 Tips for How (and When) to Ask for a Raise

8 Tips for How (and When) to Ask for a Raise SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Are you hoping to increase your salary but aren't sure how to ask for a raise? Are you also wondering how much to ask for a raise or when to ask for a raise?Asking for a raise can be nerve-wracking, especially if you aren’t sure how to go about it, but we have all the answers you're looking for. In this guide, we explain everything you need to know about asking for a raise, including the steps you need to have done beforehand, the best times to ask for a raise, how much you should ask for, and eight tips to keep in mind when you ask. Things to Keep in Mind Before Asking for a Raise Before you even suggest having a conversation with your boss about your salary, there’s work you need to do. Don’t ask for a raise until you do the following four things. Ask Yourself If You’ve Truly Earned a Raise Everyone wants to make more money, but have you really put in enough work for your boss to justify increasing your salary, especially if you’re asking for more than just a cost of living increase?If you haven’t been expanding your responsibilities and going above and beyond what you’re asked to do, convincing your boss to give you a raise will be a much harder sell. Do Your Research Before you ask for a raise, you need to know how your salary compares to the salaries of similar jobs in your area. This will help you come up with a proper amount to ask for as a raise, and if you can show your salary is below the market average. We discuss this more in the â€Å"How Much of a Raise Should You Ask For† section. Have a â€Å"Brag List† Ready In order to get a raise, you’ll need to show how valuable you are to the company so they agree that you’re worth paying more money. The best way to do this is to have a â€Å"brag sheet† that highlights your accomplishments. These should be as specific as possible and ideally include quantifiable numbers. Saying, â€Å"I brought on five new clients and increased monthly sales by 15%† is much more effective than saying, â€Å"I was a great employee,† or something similarly vague. Remember That Asking for a Raise Isn’t Rude or Unusual Many employees worry that asking for a raise will make them look greedy or rude, but this isn’t the case. Asking for a raise is a normal part of having a job, and most employers expect you to ask for a raise occasionally. When to Ask for a Raise Timing is everything, and it can be the deciding factor in whether you get a raise or not. There are certain times when you’re more likely to get a raise, three of which we discuss below. During an Annual Performance Review If your company does annual performance reviews, these are a great, and often expected, time to ask for a raise.Since you’ll be discussing your accomplishments and goals for the future, discussing a change in salary fits right into the conversation. After Doing Excellent Work If you’ve just done an outstanding job on a project or gone above-and-beyond your typical work duties, consider asking for a raise.Your accomplishments will be in the forefront of your supervisor’s mind, and you’ll have concrete evidence of how useful you are to the company. When Your Supervisor Is in a Positive Frame of Mind Even if you’re the #1 employee at your office, you’ll hurt your chances of actually getting a raise if you ask when your boss is overwhelmed with work, had a project of their own go poorly, or is dealing with other issues that are distracting. Wait until things are going well for both you and your supervisor before broaching the possibility of a raise. In all cases, you should wait until it has been at least six months to a year since you either got a new role or received a raise. You should also you only discuss a potential raise when you’re meeting one-on-one with your supervisor, during a time when you both have time for the conversation. This isn't a talk you want to start while passing each other in the hall! How Much of a Raise Should You Ask For? Before you ask for a raise, you should always know what amount you’re hoping to get, whether this is a 3% increase in salary, an extra $2000 a year, etc.You don’t need to state this amount right when you ask for the raise, but you should expect your supervisor to ask what you’re hoping to get. Having a concrete amount you’d like your raise to be will make you seem more prepared and serious, and it’ll make it easier to start negotiations with your supervisor. It also reduces the possibility of your supervisor giving you a very small raise since no amount was specified. There’s no set amount you should ask for when you request a raise. This is another area where you’ll need to do your research. Most annual raises are between 1% and 5% of your annual salary, with 3% being the average at many companies.Ask around to figure out what other people in similar positions are making. You can also look on sites like Glassdoor and the Federal Bureau of Labor Statistics to find what others in your field are making. Set your expectations around those amounts. Also, don’t start off by requesting a ridiculously large raise thinking you and your supervisor will then negotiate it down to something more reasonable. Doing that makes you look entitled. When asked what your desired raise is, state the amount you’re happy with, and be prepared to back it up with research that shows you deserve this amount (this can include printing out stats of the salaries of similar workers). 8 Tips on How to Ask for a Raise Once you get to the point where you and your boss are ready to have the conversation about your salary, keep these eight tips in mind when discussing a raise. #1: Be Confident Asking for a raise can be intimidating, but try to minimize your nervousness during the conversation. By being confident, you’ll show your boss that you’re serious about this topic and really believe you deserve a raise. If you aren’t confident you deserve a raise, why should your boss be? Many people find that practicing their speech in front of a mirror or other people several times can make the actual conversation go much smoother. #2: Make It Clear You’re Asking for a Raise This isn’t a time to be coy about what you’re asking for; doing so will just make the conversation confusing and awkward.If you haven’t already told your supervisor why you’re requesting a meeting, you should begin the conversation with something like, â€Å"I’ve learned a lot from [company name], and I feel I’ve also been a strong asset. Because of this, I’d like to set up an appointment to discuss my salary.† This removes any ambiguity from the conversation and makes it easier for you and your supervisor to communicate honestly with each other. #3: Show That You’re Valuable This is the time to bring up the topics you came up with in your brag sheet. You don’t need to list everything you’ve done for the company, but by highlighting a few major accomplishments and making it clear they’re part of a pattern of excellent work, you’ll remind your boss how valuable you are. Remember to make these accomplishments detailed and to include numbers when you can to give concrete evidence of your worth. Good examples include, â€Å"Revenue increased $10,000 since I began working the project,† â€Å"Employee turnover has decreased by half and employee satisfaction has increased by 20% since I became manager of this team.† If you’ve found solid evidence that your salary is significantly below average for your field, you can also bring this up now, but be careful not to sound accusing or bitter.Something like, â€Å"Here’s data I collected showing salaries for people in similar positions as mine. Because of my accomplishments, I believe I deserve to be making at or above the average salary for this position† makes it clear what you want without being negative. #4: Talk About Your Long-Term Goals In order to show you’re serious about your commitment to your job and will continue to be an exceptional employee, make sure you discuss accomplishments you hope to achieve in the future in your position or a future position. #5: Don’t Bring Up Personal Problems Even if you really need the money, this is not the time to mention that getting a raise will really help you recover from a bad investment, pay for your kid’s college, etc.Bringing up your personal problems during this talk isn’t professional will only make your supervisor feel more uncomfortable if they need to decline your request. This is also not the time to bring up workplace grievances like the fact that you feel you’re working a ton of hours or do twice as much work as another employee.Keep your discussion about getting a raise strictly professional, and only bring up work accomplishments as reasons why you deserve a raise. #6: Give Your Boss Time to Consider the Request Many times, even if your boss wants to give you a raise, they need to clear it with other people first. If your boss seems at least somewhat willing to consider giving you a raise, end your request by letting them know you aren’t expecting an answer right this minute, and ask when you can schedule a follow-up conversation.This takes some of the pressure off them to make a decision in the moment. #7: Consider Other Rewards If your boss is unable or unwilling to give you a raise, there are other rewards you could ask for, including: A bonus Increased vacation days More flexible working schedule Think about what other incentives you’d also be interested in having, and be prepared to offer them instead if your boss can’t give you a raise but agrees you deserve some other type of reward for your work. #8: Don’t Be Discouraged If You Hear â€Å"No† Not everyone who asks for a raise gets one. Sometimes you haven’t been in the position long enough, haven’t distinguished yourself enough, or the company just doesn’t have the money to offer you a raise right now. If this conversation doesn’t lead to a raise, a good follow-up question is, â€Å"What would I need to do to earn a raise in the future?†This will give you and your supervisor chance to discuss concrete actions you can take to put you in a better position to get a raise in the future. If your supervisor can’t offer you any definite steps you can take to get a raise, or they state that you’re already at the high end of the salary range for your position, then you may need to start looking at a job in a new company in order to increase your salary. Summary: How to Ask for a Raise at Work Before you ask for a raise, it’s important to make sure you’ve really earned a raise, have done your research on the salaries of similar workers, and have a brag list of your accomplishments ready. Not sure when to ask for a raise? The best times are during an annual review, after you’ve done excellent work, and when your boss is in a good mood.If you’re not sure how much to ask for a raise, do lots of research on what other people in your field make so you can be sure your request is reasonable. If you're not sure how to ask your boss for a raise, keep the following tips in mind: Be confident Make it clear you’re asking for a raise Show that you’re valuable Talk about your long-term goals Avoid discussing personal problems Give your boss time to think about it Consider other rewards Don’t be discouraged if you don’t get a raise What's Next? Interested in large numbers?Wondering what a Googol is? Learn every major number that comes after trillion in our guide to extremely large numbers. Thinking about learning Japanese?Learn how to say "good morning" in Japanese, plus nine other important greetings. Did you know that water has a very special density? 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